アルシャク朝時代の「市民」と「長老会」との関係について

未公刊のバビロン天文日誌 BM 35269＋35347＋35358 からの展望

抄録

This article introduces a hitherto unknown historical account on ‘Obv.’ 6’-10’ of BM 35269+35347+35358, a fragmental tablet of the Late Babylonian astronomical diaries composed in Arsacid Babylon. This account can be dated to the period between 119/118BC and the mid-first century BC and contains the following phrase (‘Obv.’ 7’): [.... ^lúp]u-li-te-e šá i-ṭár-ri-du-ú ^lúpe-li-ga-[na-a-nu] "[…. p]uliṭē, who are called peliga[nānu]." Another attestation of peliganānu is known from the Babylonian chronicle BCHP 18B Rev.^? 3'. This chronicle records some events in the 130s or 120s BC. The group called peliganānu indicates "the council of elders" of a city or a population in the Hellenistic world and is called πελιγᾶνες in some Greek sources. Some recent studies have concluded that the "council of elders" attested in BCHP 18B was that of the Greco-Macedonian citizens (puliṭē/puliṭānu) in Babylon, who are frequently attested in the cuneiform sources from the second and the first centuries BC. However, the line in BCHP 18B attesting the word peliganānu is severely damaged and gives no hint that the group belonged to the puliṭē/puliṭānu of Babylon. Neither does the text show a relationship between the council and any other group of Greco-Macedonian citizens. (Puliṭē/puliṭānu of Seleucia-on-the-Tigris and Kār Aššur are also attested in the cuneiform sources from the second and the first centuries BC, although there are overwhelmingly fewer references to them than to the puliṭē/puliṭānu of Babylon.) However, BM 35269+35347+35358 clearly attests that the members of the "council of elders" are Greco-Macedonian citizens, although their domicile is not stated.