『神秘の花園』Golshan-e raz のイラン文化史的位相

抄録

The mystical speech in its proper sense is created only through real, profound mystical experiences which mystics with innate unyielding character have in a dynamic tention between God and themselves. Under the social oppression in the Iranian cultural environment were Persian mystics obliged to interprete their unconventional speech into metaphor without any social contexts.
The present paper examines the significant properties of the metaphorical expressions found in a Persian metaphysical poem, Golshan-e raz, composed by an Azerbaijan mystical philosopher Mahmud-e Shabestari (d. 1320).
In the historical perspective of Persian literature, it can be said that this work does not only present the doctrine of the Unity of Being in a poetical manner, but also shows the malamatiye tendency, especially in its intentional usage of a series of blasphemous words (e. g., kofr, bot, kharabat, etc. ) of anti-Divine Law (shar'). Those ideas and expressions have widely been disseminated by certain malamatiye mystic groups in some Persian mystical poems since the 12th century.
In this paper, from the standpoint of intellectual history, special attention is paid to the analysis of the paradoxical system of opposites seen in this work that Shabestari deliberately inherited from a Persian mystic, 'Ein al-Qozat-e Hamadani (d. 1131), who had articulated this paradoxical, dialectical discourse in an attractive way in his Tamhidat.