Surface Activity and Ca²⁺-Dependent Aggregation Property of Lichenysin Produced by Bacillus licheniformis NBRC 104464

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Bacillus licheniformis NBRC 104464 produces a cyclic lipopeptide different from surfactin. After we performed liquid chromatography fractionation and purification, we used structural analyses to identify the cyclic lipopeptide as lichenysin. Surface tension measurements of lichenysin sodium salt in water yielded a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.0×10^–5 M. The surface tension at the CMC was 28.9 mN/m. Comparative analysis of Ca²⁺-influenced micellar aggregation of lichenysin and surfactin revealed that the formation rate of the lichenysin-Ca²⁺ complex aggregate remained low up to a [Ca²⁺]/[lichenysin] molar ratio of 80, whereas the surfactin-Ca²⁺ complex formed micellar aggregates at the same molar ratio. Further excessive addition of Ca²⁺ to the micellar solution of lichenysin induced higher turbidity than surfactin.