N, N-二長鎖アルキルメチルアミンの合成に関する研究

抄録

Quaternary ammonium salts which have two long-chain alkyl groups are widely used as softening agents, antistatic agents, hair conditioners, fungicides, and so forth.
These quaternary ammonium salts are derived from tertiary amines having two long-chain alkyl groups. Extensive research has been carried out to develop amination catalysts by which tertiary amines can be produced from the corresponding alcohols, and many amination catalysts have been made. Most, however, do not possess sufficient catalytic activity and selectivity for industrial use.
A pathway for the amination of aliphatic alcohols has also been the objective of considerable research. It is considered that there are three steps in the production of tertiary amines from the corresponding alcohols : dehydrogenation, amine addition, and hydrogenolysis. Amine addition is considered to occur without any catalyst and thus dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis are carried out in place of a catalyst.
The present authors used copper for dehydrogenation catalyst and nickel for hydrogenolysis and indicated in a previous report the copper-nickel catalyst to have very high activity and selectivity in a reaction of dodecyl alcohol with dimethylamine to produce N, N-dimethyldodecylamine.
The present paper demonstrates how this catalyst is used to produce N, N-di (long-chain alkyl) methylamine [DAMA] from a higher alcohol and methylamine. The effects of the flow rates of hydrogen and methylamine on the conversion of alcohol and selectivity to DAMA were examined. The higher flow rate of H₂ and lower rate of methylamine make possible the more effective production of N, N-di (long-chain alkyl) methylamine.
The catalytic properties of the recovered copper-nickel catalyst were also examined and even after several times of use, its activity and selectivity were found essentially unchanged.