「不法占拠地域」における住民運動の条件

－京都市東九条を事例に－

抄録

This paper focuses on a squatter area in Kyoto City to clarify the conditions under which a residents movement can develop. My first purpose is to examine the difficulties of making residents' association in the underclass. In squatter areas, population fluidity is so high that it's difficult to make residents' association, so there are few research results about residents movements in lower class. Second is to approach minority and residents movements at the same time. The residents in the squatter area consist mainly of the Korean ethnic minority. For this reason, previous research has given more weight to ethnicity than to the viewpoints of the residents.
This paper takes up a residents movement in a squatter area called ″40-banchi″ in Higashi-kujo. A marginal area, Higashi-kujo is located in south of Kyoto Station and is a Korean slum. Additionally, the slum is adjacent to a Buraku area. In fact, 40-banchi is lower than a slum or Buraku. Compared with these areas, it has stayed undeveloped and has been neglected by the local administration for a long time. 40-banchi is located in a river area between Takase and Kamo River, a substandard living environment where many shanties are squeezed together and which suffers damage from floods and fires frequently.
The administration regarded 40-banchi as an illegal area. One could assume that making residents' association is difficult in such an area. But a powerful residents movement has risen up since the 1970s. In the 1990s, it made the administration build public housing that maintained characteristics of the community in the squatter area. The secretariat of the residents' association formed an NPO and is in charge of managing the housing. Thereby the practices in 40-banchi can be considered as an advanced reference point for community building of slums and Buraku.