都市空間の中の子育てネットワーク

―「家族・コミュニティ問題」の視点から―

抄録

　　From the perspective of ‘family/community issues' and with an emphasis on the level of urbanization, this paper examines how families position themselves as ‘a family in a network' and recruit resources when they could not cope with childcare issues.
　　The findings are as follows: 1) Depending on the area that includes inner-city, suburb and rural, there is a difference between the distribution of the network a mother possesses. 2) The location of the parents (especially their own parents) is related to the attainment of the mothers' own childcare networks. In relation to this, 3) among these areas, the attainment of resources for childcare networks was poor in suburban mothers. 4) Support from the husband also promotes social intercourse and attainment of childcare networks for the mother (wife). 5) Although support from husband and their own parents have an effect on reducing parenting related isolation of the mother. In general, 6) depending on the urbanization level of these areas, rural mothers attained strong childcare networks whereas suburban mothers attained weak childcare network. However, 7) suburban mothers seemed to actively use friends who are mothers as substitutes and tend to expect ‘childcare support' from them. Overall, 8) a structure in which a lack of intra-family childcare support is compensated by that of external-family cannot be found. It can be said that intra-family supports and external-family supports are in a positive correlation.