Studies on metabolism and disposition of pesticides in mammals by in vivo/vitro/silico combination assessment method

Abstract

The metabolism and characteristics of flufenpyr-ethyl, procymidone, furametpyr, and pyridalyl in animals were analyzed by in vivo/vitro/silico combination assessment methods. Small amounts of metabolites were identified in addition to traditional in vivo metabolism study, and in vitro metabolism studies were conducted with cytochrome P450 expressed in the microsome or tissue fraction. In silico physiologically-based pharmacokinetics modeling was used to predict the characteristics. Analyzing species- and sex-related differences, metabolic enzymes, and distribution by these methods, the formation and elimination of toxic metabolites were involved in species- and sex-related differences of toxicity. These results were used to discuss the human risk.