植物学雑誌
Online ISSN : 2185-3835
Print ISSN : 0006-808X
ISSN-L : 0006-808X
すいばノポリプロイデー
小野 知夫
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1932 年 46 巻 544 号 p. 321-326,259

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1. The relationship between the poliploidy and sex hitherto found in R. Acetosa are denoted as follows:Poliploidy Chromosome formula X:A Sex (A=6 antosomes) 2n 14=aX+2A(Fig.1) 2 2_??_ 15=X+2Y+2A (Fig.2) 1 2_??_ 15=X+2Y+2A(Fig.3) 1 2_??_3n 21=3X+3A(Fig.4) 3 3 _??_22=X+2Y+3A(Fig.5) 1 3_??_22=X+3Y+3A(Fig.26) 2 3_??_22=2X+2Y+3A(Fig.6) 2 3 _??_4n 28=4X+4A(Fig.7) 4 4_??_29-2X+3Y+4A(Fig.8) 2 4_??_29=3X+2Y+4A(Fig.9) 3 4_??_These findings agree generally with those in the cases of Drosophila. The poliploid plants show obvious external differences in size accompanied with an increase in the number of chromosomes (Fig. 10-18).
2. The meiosis in the pollen mother cells of some triploid and tetraploid male plants is discribed as follows:
a. Triploid male: No.S10-4 (21=X+2Y+a'+17a), No.61-(22=X+3Y+2a'+16a).
In the heterotypic dia- and metaphases of the pollen mother cells of these plants usually appear six trivalent autosomes, but univalent and bivalent autosomes are sometimes seen. X+2Y-elements in the plant No.S10-4 form a V-shaped tripartite complex, connecting as Y-X-Y in the heterotypic metaphase, but X+3Y-elements in the case of No.61-1 conjugate as Y-X-Y and Y, X-Y and Y-Y or in other ways. Division of trivalents in the anaphase occurs by chance. The chromosome counts taken from 149 pollen mother cells in the homotypic divisions of plant No.S10-4 are shown in the following table:
Diploid nuclear plates in the homotypic division were sometimes found. The tetrad-cells are mostly 4 in number, but cases of 2 or 3 are also observed. The pollen-grains are mostly sterile.
b. Tetraploid male: No.12-11 (29=2X+3Y+a'+23a).
In the late prophase of pollen mother cells tetravalency of autosomes is to be found. We see in the diakinesis usually not more than five tetravalents and some bivalents. The tetravalents decrease in number usually in the later metaphase and sometimes only bivalents are found. The normal conjugation mode of 2X+3Y-elements in the heterotypic division is XII+Y+Y+Y. Division of autosomes and sexchromosomes in the anaphase occurs generally as (12)+(12) and (X+2Y)+(X+Y) respectively, but other abnormal types are also not uncommon. Pollen-grains are functional.

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