2015 Volume 106 Issue 3 Pages 194-198
A 61-year-old female presented with the complaints of fever and left back pain. She had previously undergone bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia and achieved remission. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed left hydronephrosis and suspected tumor lesions in the right upper ureter and left lower ureter. Ureteroscopy was performed for a diagnosis. A yellowish tumor was detected in the left lower ureter, and tissue biopsy was performed. Two weeks after the examination, abdominal CT revealed ascites and retroperitoneal dissemination. The results of the ascites cytology showed infiltration by leukemia cells, and the patient was diagnosed as having recurrent leukemia. A week later, she died. The ureteral tumor was diagnosed as a granulocytic sarcoma.
Granulocytic sarcoma, a condition characterized by mass formation outside the bone marrow by granulocytic cells, is classified as a myeloid sarcoma, occurring in an estimated 2-8% of patients with myeloid leukemia. The possibility of granulocytic sarcoma should be considered when treating patients with a history of leukemia.
