This paper is aimed to clarify the internal connection between biological reproduction of human life and economic reproduction. In the economic analysis, the terms of 'reproduction of population' are ordinarily used instead of biological reproduction. However, the author here used the latter expression because he would like to notice the phenomena that the human being has maintained the renewal of life as 'seed' beyond individual birth and death and therefore intend to grasp integratedly these facts with the cycle of nature and food reproduction. Such integration has been practically carried on agricultural activities. Namely, annual sowing and harvest in the farm is proceeded according to the seasonal cycle of nature and then human life is inherited from generation to generation by food consumption. However, in an industrialized society, economic reproduction became to consume the large amount of physical resources and natural circumstances such as rivers and the air are polluted. These have given disturbances to the cycle of nature surrounding us. On the other hand, as urbanization advances, the size of families has shifted to be smaller to the minimum core and the functions of upbringing children and caretaking the aged are partially transferred to the society. In the present society, the harmony among the cycle of nature, biological reproduction of human life and economic reproduction is becoming to be broken down. To harmonize these conflictions, we must, the relation between population and the economy, not only as in terms of the reproduction of labor forces engaged in economic activities, but also the biological reproduction of human life as a whole. Here, the author would like to advocate "the recovery of family" in the reconstruction of demographic economics.
