Abstract
The Lagrangian for the linearized, ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations is discussed by introducing the perturbation of the total pressure. In the resistive MHD equations, the Lagrangian is expressed in terms of the electric displacement vector (time integral of the electric current) as well as the plasma displacement. The NOVA and NOVA-R formulations can be derived by using the obtained Lagrangian.