Fish Pathology
Online ISSN : 1881-7335
Print ISSN : 0388-788X
ISSN-L : 0388-788X
Development of Effective Vibrio Vaccination Program for Salmonid Culture
Keith A. JOHNSON
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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1980 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 181

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Abstract

Licensed Vibrio anguillarum bacterin was developed in 1977. The purpose of this paper is to review data used for implementing an efficient vaccination program. The bacterin is applied by two delivery systems : 20 second immersion and shower application. These will be illustrated. The bacterin is a bivalent combination of Vibrio anguillarum, Type I (Japanese Type C) and II (Japanese Type A), which have been shown to have no interference with each other while being antigenically distinct. Protection from challenge with virulent V. anguillarum following immunization has developed within 10 days at holding water temperatures of 18°C and 10°C while over 30 days holding was required for fish vaccinated and held in a water temperature of 4.8°C.
Successful vaccination with licensed Vibrio bacterin has been demonstrated in coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook (O. tshawytscha), sockey (O. nerka), chum (O. keta), and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha); rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Most salmonids first become capable of responding to vaccination as measured by resistance to laboratory challenge, at an average size of 1.0 g. The duration of the immune response for several salmonid species tested was short for fish vaccinated at a 1.0 g average size. Tests have demonstrated that duration of over 400 days can be obtained if fish are larger than 4 g size at time of vaccination. The variations in onset and duration of protection of four species of salmonids will be discussed.
Serological and protection studies have been done with Vibrio anguillarum isolates obtained from around the world. Licensed Vibrio bacterin has successfully protected fish from challenge with Type I (C) and II (A) V. anguillarum isolates from Japan, U.S.A., Norway, and Italy.
Tests with chum and chinook salmon have demonstrated that they can be vaccinated with licensed bacterin and then placed into salt water a very short time afterward and still develop protection from natural challenge. Also successful vaccinations can be done with fish held in salt water by the 20 second immersion method using salt water as the bacterin diluent.

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© The Japanese Society of Fish Pathology
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