ジェンダー化された国家に抗して

「女性国際戦犯法廷」の挑戦

抄録

The andro-centric history='his-story' has been formed by making violence against women invisible and covering over the affliction and powerlessness of women who are forced to keep silence for fear of attack against them. At last, the Women's International War Crimes Tribunal 2000 for the Trial of Japanese Military Sexual Slavery, which took place in Tokyo from December 8-12, made a severe judgment on sexual crimes in wartime, crimes which had originated in the andro-centric state, the Great Japanese Empire, and labelled these crimes against humanity.
Along with the testimonies of former comfort women, analyses of the historical background of the system make clear that the comfort women system was a crime based upon the gender policy of the modern nation-state. For long have Modern nation-states exploited the gender-hierarchical system for the purpose of their establishment and continuation.
Hegel's "The Philosophy of Law" elucidates that nations have been engendered, which reflects national laws and ethics. According to his philosophy, men must work hard to pay taxes, fight for national defense, and carry out national policies. On the other hand, women must be engaged in reproduction, child-rearing, and unpaid house work. If either men or women tried to escape from their duties, they were blamed and punished by the community.
Feminist movements have been fighting against the gender-policy of modern nation-states. The Women's Tribunal was planned by the international women's network and stands as a major achievement of modern feminist movements. It is said that the tribunal was established to redress the historical tendency to trivialize, excuse, marginalize and obfuscate crimes against women, particularly sexual crimes. I want to consider in this paper the new perspectives that will be opened by the spirit of this tribunal.