Effect of Surface Topography on Loss of Osseointegration of Dental Implant : Comparison between Smooth and Rough Surfaces

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of the loss of osseointegration (late failure) of Brånemark implants (Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) with two different surfaces : a relatively smooth machined surface and a rougher surface created by anodic oxidation. We statistically carried out a clinical examination on those implants : 443 implants with a smooth surface and 1,008 implants with a rough surface.
The results are summarized as follows :
1. Seven implants with a smooth surface (1.6%) and five implants with a rough surface (0.5%) lost their osseointegration within one year after the fitting of superstructures. There was a significant difference between them.
2. Age, primary stability and the healing period between implant installation and abutment connection did not affect late failure in the smooth and rough surface implants.
3. In the smooth surface implants, the prognosis of implants of 10 mm or less in length, 5 mm in diameter and installed in the posterior region of the mental foramen in the mandible was significantly poor.
4. In the rough surface implants, the prognosis of implants of 7 mm was significantly poor.