The energy shifts in ionization, electron affinity and excitation observed by photoemission, inverse-photoemission and electron energy loss measurements, respectively, are studied in terms of the total-energy approach (the Born-Haber type energy-cycle). The PES and I-PES shifts are due to the final state effect. It is suggested that the excitation energy is slightly red-shifted (or almost zero), although this is contrary to the results of two papers published before.