リストラクチャリング下の鉄鋼労働の変化と企業内教育 : 鉄鋼大手新鋭製鉄所を事例として

抄録

The iron and steel industry of Japan is a marked decline in the international competitive force on account of a direct hit in favor of the yen since 1985. In 1986, output of iron and steel in Y enterprise dropped in level of twenty-five million ton. Thus, employees the iron and steel industry decrease rapidly, particularly decrease of employees in large-scale iron works is remarkable. In the case of E iron works of Y enterprise, first purpose of all, we make clear a distinctive character of technical innovation in production process in relation to rationalization. Secondly, how do the work in the iron and steel industry which are divided into operate work and maintenance work change with the progress of microelectronics? Thirdly, how have we vocational training for the development of man-power? The results are as follows: (1) Since 1980, Character of technical innovation in production process of iron and steel industry is progress of computerization. In the E iron works, the third stage of computerization is started, iron and steel work is transferring from hardware-control to software-control. (2) In the case of line work, operation work of production facilities have a far greater importance of monitoring labour in relation to progress automation. But it is still necessary to be mediated by manual labour. As far as normal operating is concerned, it is fact that importance of experience decrease. However, experience plays an important part in the correspondence of trouble. (3) A decrease of trouble on account of improvement of operation technology and difficulty of succession in experiential skill lead to introduction of artificial intelligence. (4) On the other hand, progress of computerization too had a great in-fluence on maintenance work. On account of introduction of computer into maintenance part, we have objectively experiential skill of maintenance work and we have possibility to learn as knowledge. Namely, we substitute experiential skill of maintenance work for scientific-technical knowledge. (5) As induction training term for new employees, operator is learning for three month, maintenanceman-six month. Consequently, we consider that maintenance work is more difficult than operate work. (6) At the present time, we have a progress in job enlargement, multi-skilled worker between line part and maintenance part in iron and steel work. (7) Combination of education-training and management of promotion and upgrading intensified more than in 1970. (8) Maintenance work with scientific-intelligent work and judgement element demands "off the job training". Maintenancemen are demanded intelligence and problem solving ability, and we cannot acquire its ability only "on the job training", but are able to satisfy its ability with "off the job training". (9) Small group activity in iron and steel industry are called JK activity. JK activity play important part of man-power development with education and training within enterprise.