朝鮮救護令の制定実施に関する一考察

抄録

This paper is written as a part of a study of the homen-iin (district-volunteer) system of Keijo (Seoul), Korea. The Kyugoho (relief-act) , which regulated public relief of the poor, was carried into effect in Japan on January 1, 1932. But it was not applied to Korea which was then a Japanese colony. A statute with almost the same contents as the act, - ie., the Korean Kyugoroi (Korean Relief Statute), - was finally carried into effect on March 1, 1944. In this paper, I will look at the various resolutions leading to enactment of the Korean Kyugorei, at the contents of the statute itself, and, finally at the reasons behind its enactment in 1944. Various proposals for a Korean Relief Act were presented to the authorities between 1932 and 1943. However, the Korean Government General did not make an attempt to enact such a law until 1943 when it suddenly announced the decision to carry into effect the Korean Kyugorei, as in establishment of the conscription system in Korea, the Japanese Government first made the decision to enact the statute and only then published its intent. Despite the fact that Japanese laws related to strengthening of the wartime strucsure were applied immediately in Korea, few of the Japanese statutes concerning social work were carried into effect. The social work undertaken by the office of the Korean Government General was essentially geared toward solidifying rule over the colony and strengthening the wartime structure in Korea. The Korean Government General had proposed a relief statute for the poor which would be responsive to conditions in Korea. But a study of the Korean Kyugorei itself shows it to be virtually identical to the Japanese Kyugoho. Clearly, the contents of the Korean Relief statute ignored social conditions in Korea.