大学生・成人の心理社会的発達と同性友人関係における対象切替・自己切替・対人ストレッサー経験頻度の関連

――対象切替と自己切替の交互作用に着目する必要性――

抄録

This study examined a novel hypothesis regarding the interaction between “changeover objects (friends)” and “changeover selves” within same‒gender friendships, exploring their impact on psychosocial development. It also investigated how the adjustment effects of interpersonal stressors, age groups (university students and adults), and gender influence these dynamics. Eight‒hundred‒three individuals responded to the questionnaire and ninety‒two individuals were randomly selected from each age group and gender. Regression analyses indicated that unbiased use of either changeover objects or selves resulted in higher scores on the psychosocial development subscale compared to biased use. Specifically, scores in industry and generativity affected whether the criterion for developmental problems was exceeded. These associations remained consistent regardless of interpersonal stressors, age groups, and gender. Chi‒squared tests revealed that proportion of the individuals engaging in biased or unbiased use of changeover objects or selves differed by age groups and gender. These results underscore the importance of focusing on the interaction between changeover objects and changeover selves and considering it from a lifespan developmental perspective, rather than focusing on specific developmental themes or stages.