Abstract
A 10-year-old Shetland sheepdog with anorexia and mild tottering demonstrated erythrocytosis and increases in erythropoietin levels, serum protein, and calcium. Electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal peak of the gamma-globulin fraction, and immunoelectrophoresis confirmed the M-component as IgA. Radiography showed osteolysis “Punch Out” in the spinal processes and cervical vertebrae. These findings led to a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Phlebotomy, fluid therapy, and administration of prednisolone reduced levels of serum protein and calcium, thus relieving polycythemia. Nonetheless, 56 days after initial admission, the dog died of tetraplegia and dyspnea. Association of polycythemia with multiple myeloma is rare. It is thought that, in this case, increased erythropoietin resulted in polycythemia pathogenesis.
