Philosophical Foundation of　“Moral Education Through Thinking and Discussion”from the Perspective of Education for Phronesis

Abstract

In this paper, I focus on “Moral Education Through Thinking and Discussion” that is positioned as the center for Japan’s ongoing national curriculum reformation and clarify why “Thinking and Discussion” is a necessary component of moral education. I argue that “Thinking and Discussion” contributes particularly to the education of “moral judgment” which is one of the three key elements constituting “morality”. I demonstrate this by referring to the concept of Phronesis by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, and also the ongoing discussion concerning contemporary virtue ethics. First, I argue that acquiring the wisdom called Phronesis is an indispensable element for making appropriate moral judgments. Secondly, I clarify what kinds of wisdom Phronesis is. Thirdly, I clarify Aristotle’s views regarding Phronesis in the context of learning. And finally, I argue that “Thinking and Discussion” through philosophical dialogue is an ideal method for the education of Phronesis (i.e. the education of “moral judgment”) by referencing the views of Matthew Lipman, the founder of the “Philosophy for Children” movement.