The machine parts under rolling contact are often subjected to repeated bending, for example, the shafts supported with balls or rollers without inner races, the rollers of cold rolling mills, the rails, etc. These parts are subjected to repeated bending stress and repeated compressive stress simultaneously. In this paper the authors obtained experimentally the fatigue resistance of the materials under such stress conditions. The materials applied to the experiments were three kinds of steels and the following results were obtained : there is a critical bending stress for each material above its fatigue limit, and when the applied bending stress is greater than the critical stress, the compressive stress due to rolling contact is not injurious for the life of the materials, and when the applied bending stress is smaller than the critical stress, it is very injurious.