The residual casting stresses in chilled iron rolls have considerable influences upon their breaking strenth. The author calculated the axial casting stresses in the cylindrical casting graphically using stress strain curves of casting material at various temperature besides the amounts of contraction due to cooling as well as the cooling velocities at a few points on the roll radius. In order to accertain the correctness of this method, the author measured the magnitude and distribution of residual casting stresses in a chilled iron roll (dia=180mm) by the method due to Sachs. The measured values of axial stresses were in good agreement with those obtained by the author's graphical method. In both cases the axial residual stresses were tensile (about 10kg/mm2) in centre of the roll and compressive (about 15kg/mm2) on the surface.