Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been well developed for many engineering structural components in the aircraft, automotive and modern space industries with high specific rigidity and high specific strength. But it is poor in vibration and noise reduction as same as many metal materials. In this research, in order to improve the damping properties of CFRP, the innovative CFRP/SDR sandwich composite materials with damping rubber sheet were developed, and the mechanical and damping behaviors were investigated by three-point bending test, center vibration method and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. As a result, it is shown that the mechanical and damping properties of the developed 8 types of CFRP/SDR sandwich laminates depend deeply on the fiber orientation of lamina, the property of rubber sheet and its layer number and sequence. Among these materials, the optimal sequence for the CFRP and SDR sheet was obtained, which showed excellent both mechanical and damping properties.