国際政治
Online ISSN : 1883-9916
Print ISSN : 0454-2215
ISSN-L : 0454-2215
公職追放令 (SCAPIN-550・548) の形成過程
日本占領の多角的研究
増田 弘
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ジャーナル フリー

1987 年 1987 巻 85 号 p. 73-96,L11

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This article aims to clarify the process of formulating the purge directives, SCAPIN-550 (Removal and Exclusion of Undesirable Personnel from Public Office) and SCAPIN-548 (Abolition of Certain Political Parties, Associations, Societies and Other Organizations) which MacArthur's GHQ on January 4, 1946 ordered the Japanese government to execute. Despite the decisiveness of the purge in the demilitarization and democratization of Japan in the post-war period, this has hardly been studied in Japan or in the United States.
As for the formation-process, Colonel Kades and the other members of GS/GHQ worked on the policies of the directives until December, 1945 pursuant to JCS 1380/5-15, after PWC and CAC in the Department of State had drawn up the purge program in 1943-44. Needless to say, there were a lot of conflicts, not only between GS, CIS and G-2 within GHQ, but also between the Departments of State and War and the JCS in Washington.
There appeared three characteristics in the formulation-process: firstly, that SCAPIN-550 was gradually recognized as being more important, especially for the coming election, than SCAPIN-548 although the former seemed to be subordinated to the latter in the beginning. This transition coincided with the increased American stress on democratization rather than on demilitarization of Japan. Secondly, there appeared many differences between the purge in Germany and in Japan in the final stage, although the purge policy in Japan originally followed the German example. In other words, the purge in Japan was meant to be a “preventive” policy against remilitarization, in comparison with the “punitive” purge in Germany. And finally, the original, severe policy towards ultranationalists was gradually moderated by internal politics in GHQ, as seen by the decreasing number of purgees and of organizations, except the range of military officers.
With the formulation of the purge directives, which the Japanese were forced to execute after February, 1946, two hundred-thousand Japanese were eventually removed and excluded from public office until March, 1948.

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© 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
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