国際海洋レジームと日本の漁業政策-政治経済学的説明のための枠組-

地域紛争と国際理論

抄録

This article explains the historical transition of Japanese fishery policies using the ocean regime to postulate the structural variables of the international political system. For this purpose “Issue-cycle” is introduced to conceptualize the global regime change. The territorial sea disputes from 1920 to 1980 are presented in terms of the issue-cycle, i. e. the sequence of genesis, crisis, ritualization, dormancy, decision-making, and authoritative allocation.
The discussion identifies the relationship between Japanese fishery policies and these stages of the changing international regime. It is important to understand how Japanese interests were preserved in earlier international arrangements such as the North Pacific Fisheries Convention (1952) and the Japanese-Korean Fisheries Agreement (1965), and were not preserved in the later negotiations in 70s.
Regime analysis is necessary to explain these consequences. It posits that not only are the interests and bargaining powers between contending countries important to understand the outcomes, but also the rules, disciplines and expectations which were structurally given for every participant are indispensable. It also posits that some politically institutionalized disciplines central to the ocean regime have decisive functions for national economic behavior in the fishing industry. Japanese officials were keenly aware of this linkage, as reflected in Japanese fishery policies throughout this period. It is of course difficult to generalize according to these conclusions, which highlight the characteristics of this specific issue. Nevertheless the current increase in politicized economic issues suggests that regime analysis may be usefully applied to this field of studies in the future.