第二次大戦中における朝鮮民族の独立運動
第二次大戦終結の諸相
1988 年 1988 巻 89 号 p. 73-89,L11
詳細
1988 年 1988 巻 89 号 p. 73-89,L11
The purpose of this paper is to examine the independence movements of the Korean people against Japanese colonialism during World War II in order to find out the fundamental cause of the division of Korea into two states after the war. They are analyzed in the following two ways: Firstly, to examine the idea of each independence movement and to make clear whatpolitical character the movement aimed to attribute to the independent state after the war. For this purpose, it is necessary to analyze the platforms, leaders and members of the independence movements. Secondly, to examine their means and ways to realize their ideas. For this purpose, it is necessary to analyze their struggles within the borders of Korea and their relations with each other as well as with international anti-fascist movements.
The five independence movement bodies can be divided into two groups according to their ideas. One group includes the bodies which aimed at establishing a people's democracy. They are Choson Konguk Tongmaen (Korean Independence League), Choguk Kwang Bokhoe (Korean Fatherland Restoration Association) and Hwabuk Choson Tongnip Tongmaeng (North Korean Independence League). The other group includes the bodies which aimed at establishing an anti-communist state. They are Taehan Minguk Imsi Chongbu (Korean Provisional Government) and Chae Mi Hanjok Yonhap Wiwonhoe (United Committee of the Koreans in America).
At the end of World War II, there was a fair chance of establishing a people's democracy based chiefly on the Choguk Kwang Bokhoe among these bodies, while it was hardly possible for an anti-communist state to be established. Therefore, a people's democracy should have emerged in Korea after the war, only if self-determination of the Korean people was recognized.
During the war, the Korean people carried out the independence movement against Japan in cooperation with the international anti-fascist forces, including the United States of America and the Soviet Union. The former aimed at an anti-communist state in Korea, but the latter helped to establish a people's democracy there while trying to maintain her hegemony as a big power. Therefore, there occured a possibility that the question of Korean people's independence might be turned into an international issue and the self-determination of the Korean people violated.
Consequently, the fundamental cause of the division of Korea into two states after World War II was the violation of the right of self-determination of the Korean people mainly by the United States of American and to some degree by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
