国際政治
Online ISSN : 1883-9916
Print ISSN : 0454-2215
ISSN-L : 0454-2215
フィジーにおける先住民、植民統治者、労働移民
都丸 潤子
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ジャーナル フリー

1995 年 1995 巻 109 号 p. 150-167,L15

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This paper examines what kind of political and social factors set the basic pattern of Fiji's ethnic relations between indigenous Fijians, local Europeans and Indian immigrants, under British rule. The paper also suggests common determinants of ethnicity in multi-ethnic societies of a tripartite structure composed of indigenous people, colonisers and labour immigrants, by comparing the Fijian case with the conditions in Hawaii and Malaya (Malaysia).
In Fiji, despite the lack of attention by scholars to the period before the 1960s, the re-organisation of the ‘native administration’ from 1943 to 1948 by the colonial government played the decisive role in intensifying ethnic divisions. The de facto architect of the re-organisation was a Fijian chiefly elite with British education, enjoying the confidence of the colonial government. Curbing the British officials' progressive intention to bring Fijians towards modern forms of self-government, he enforced a rather retrograde policy to keep Fijians within traditional village communities, away from the influence of other ethnic groups and urban Fijians. He managed to justify this isolation by emphasising the Indian threat to the Fijians.
This separatist scheme persisted through decolonisation and independence in 1970, despite criticism from the indigenising faction of European settlers, liberal urban Fijians, and some of the British officials who saw multi-racialism as a step towards stable self-government.
The comparison with Hawaii and Malaya points to the significance of the following factors in determining patterns of ethnic relations: numerical balance between ethnic groups, including 40% line of immigrant population as a crucial border; influence of the indigenising Europeans and people of mixed parentage (ex. Part-Europeans) as possible ethnic mediators; intra-ethnic leadership and legitimacy of the indigenous elites, as well as ‘inertia of the colonised mass’; colonical land-reservation policy and ‘sons-of-the-soil’ sentiment against immigrants; and war efforts as an allegiance test for immigrants.
This paper is an attempt to shed light on the effects of colonisation and decolonisation on the patterns of ethnic relations in such tripartite multi-ethnic societies as mentioned above, especially the relations between indigenous people and immigrants introduced by colonisers.

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© 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
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