冷戦後アフリカにおける紛争対応メカニズム-OAUの展開を中心にして-
転換期のアフリカ
2000 年 2000 巻 123 号 p. 110-126,L14
詳細
2000 年 2000 巻 123 号 p. 110-126,L14
In the 1990s after the end of the cold-war, the African Continent has been covered by a current of political democratization and economical liberalization. It can be said that most African states have experienced a second independence because of these structual changes of potlitical and economical regimes. However, these structual changes have created social unrest and violent clashes between the peoples in many African states. As a result, Africa has had many internal conflicts in the 1990s.
Therefore, the current spate of African conflict is precipitated by a crisis of political legitimacy in the African state, and the need to manage change and provide transition to a stable state with responsible and legitimate government. African leaders began to think in innovative institutions to manage the continent's challenges, particularly internal conflict. In accordance with them, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and a number of regional organizations in particular faced new challenges as Africans and others pressed them to take on more responsibilty for managing conflicts and the cosequent humanitarian crisis.
In this article, I have tried to refer to the establishment and development of the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (MCPMR) of the OAU. At the June 1993 summit in Cairo the OAU approved the creation of the mechanism which is oriented as an operational arm of the secretary general with the advice of the newly created Central Organ to provide legal authority between OAU summits. Since the establishment, this mechanism has worked for ten conflicts in Africa though its effects were not so functional and effictive because it has the many limitations of OAU charter, and scarce funding. Therefore, the mechanism has to resolve many problems in the near future. If African states are able to resolve them, its mechanism will be very functional and it is the most important institution for managing conflicts in Africa. The purpose of this article is to refer to the development and problems of the OAU mechanism for managing conflicts.
