六〇年代ユーゴスラヴィアの内政と外交

冷戦の終焉と六〇年代性

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to consider Yugoslav domestic and foreign policy in the 1960s. After the conflict with the Soviet Union in 1948, Yugoslavia rejected not only Soviet domination but also the Soviet model of socialism and opted for self-management socialism in the 1950s. Yugoslav socialism did not concentrate decision-making in the hands of bureaucratic structures but developed a system which was neither Western nor Soviet inspired.
In the late 1960s, the Yugoslav leadership carried out a series of changes by which they altered the fundamental characteristics of the political and economical process in both the state and the party in an effort to resolve policy conflicts among themselves and control rising levels of internationality hostility and conflict among the masses. During this decade a series of reforms partially decentralized the organization and operation of the economy and partially democratized the political system. These reforms increased dramatically both the ability of regional leadership in the party and state to represent the economic interests of their respective regions in decision-making processes at the center.
In foreign policy, on the other hand, Yugoslavia adopted nonalignment as the leading doctrine of the foundation for intenational activities. Yugoslavia's nonaligned foreign policy led to a strengthening of the Yugoslav's international position but contributed to the struggle for the construction of self-management society in the country.
There were also compelling domestic reasons for adherence to nonalignment: it was the only foreign policy that proved acceptable to all factions of the party, to the different republics within the Yugoslav federation, and to the main strata of the population-serving as a compromise policy both for those who at various periods favored closer ties with the Soviet camp and for those who generally preferred a more West European orientation.
In the sixties Yugoslavia obtained good results in economic development and political decentralization, but, at the same time, yielded and accumulated many contradictions in the country. In this sense it may safely be said that the sixties for Yugoslavia cut a path to the crisis of the seventies and moreover to the disintegration of the Federation in the eighties after-wards.