国際政治
Online ISSN : 1883-9916
Print ISSN : 0454-2215
ISSN-L : 0454-2215
民主化における国際的要因の諸相
比較政治と国際政治の間
木暮 健太郎
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ジャーナル フリー

2001 年 2001 巻 128 号 p. 146-159,L16

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The international dimension has been central to democratization in the late twenty century. International factors have usually played a major role in transitions from authoritarian rule to liberal democracy. Although these trends have become obvious, so far works which deal with democratic transition have surprisingly neglected this important dimension.
Geoffrey Pridham who insisted importance of the international dimension of democratization pointed out that international context is the forgotten dimension in the study of democratic transition. The comparative literature on democratic transitions has tended to conclude that international factors have been essentially secondary in importance, for regime change is primarily a dynamic process which is internally motivated.
For instance, in 1986 Philippe C. Schmitter who is one of leading scholars of the democratization concluded that “external actors tended to play an indirect and usually marginal role, with the obvious exception of those instances in which a foreign occupying power was present”.
While international factors toward the democratization have not paid much attention, the democratic support from the international organizations and NGOs have contributed to establish democracy in the third wave democracies. It is now commonly felt among students of democratic transition that the international dimension has been far more decisive and probably more profound in the regime change in recent democratization.
The international factors have taken many forms, the role of national governments as well as international organizations, the behaviour of nonstate actors such as NGOs. There have been unilateral as well as multilateral actions. Democracy aid is the most common and often most significant tool for promoting democracy.
Aiding democracy abroad has emerged as a major growth in recent years. Not only the United States but many other Western countries, international institutions, and private foundations as well as Germany's party foundations today use aid to support democratic transition in Eastern Europe, the former USSR, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The last ten years have seen a significant expansion of international aid for democratization in respect of emerging and prospective new democracies.
International factors have been a principal component of democratization in recent years. Based on these points, this paper examines aspects of international factors in the democratization. Through this work I briefly refer to the relation with the comparative politics and the international politics.

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© 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
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