日米同盟の原型-役割分担の模索-

東アジアの地域協力と安全保障

抄録

This article analyzes and focuses on how Japan-U. S. alliance was constructed. The process and products of the alliance are examined by using declassified records of the U. S. State Department, the U. S. Pacific Command, and the U. S. Forces in Japan.
As the Cold War entered a détente resulting in the signing of ABM Treaty and the US-China normalization, some Japanese conservative and influential politicians proposed an idea, that is, the so-called YUJI CHURYU, which would allow US forces to station in Japan only in case of contingency of Japan. The U. S. Embassy in Tokyo paid attention to such arguments emerging in Japan after the Reversion of Okinawa and made a recommendation to have candid dialogues with Japanese officials and thus review carefully the U. S. -Japan security relations. A telegram sent to the State Department from Tokyo in November 1972 points out that the trends of arguments were based on “uselessness” of the U. S. forces in Japan even though the United States succeeded in extending MST in 1970.
This review was a starting point from where Japan-U. S. security relations evolved into an alliance that share equipments, roles, and missions based on mutual understanding and threat perception. The Japan-U. S. dialogues at the Security Consultative Committee (SCC) and Security Subcommittee (SSC) that were the highest level of communication channel were a driving force to build up such an alliance. The committees established at several levels under the SCC were to share values and methods for estimating and evaluating international issues. These committees are, for instance, the Security Consultative Group (SCG) to promote mutual understanding on security matters, the Defense Study Group (DSG) functioning as a secret channel at military-military relations, and the Subcommittee for Defense Cooperation (SDC) that became an organ that legitimized well-prepared military-military relations publicly and formally.
A series of U. S.-Japan joint exercises that started in 1978 and 1980 were the products of the discussions at several committees that established joint military operational plans such as Coordinated Joint Outline Emergency Plan (CJOEP) and Joint Operation Plan System (JOPS). Along with joint exercises at each service level, U. S. Army-GSDF, USMC-GSDF, U. S. Air Force-ASDF, and U. S. Navy-MSDF, three joint-operational plans such as DEFPLAN-OPLAN 5051, DEFPLAN-OPLAN 5052, and DEFPLAN-OPLAN 5053 were studied at the military-military level.