Electrochemical polymerization is known as one of the methods for fabricating conductive polymer thin films. This method involves the electrolysis of a corresponding monomer solution with an electrolyte to form an insoluble conductive polymer thin film on the surface of an electrode. Functional molecule-conductive polymer composite thin films can also be obtained by electrochemical polymerization using a mixed solution of different monomers with the electrolyte. Additionally, multilayered conductive polymer thin films with different properties can be formed via sequential electrochemical polymerization, which is particularly useful for the fabrication of organic electronic devices. In this article, research on photoelectric conversion systems using electrochemically polymerized polythiophene will be summarized, with a focus on our previous work involving photoelectric conversion systems with electrochemically polymerized polythiophene films incorporating porphyrin and fullerene, as well as related research.