カント「教育論」の人間観

特にルソーとの関連において

抄録

“Nature” is the central concept in the education of the Enlightenment and the task of education is to foster the nature with which man is endowed according as children grow up. Here is seen a strong trust of the nature of man, while Kant, who draws a strict line between the empirical world of phenomena and the transcendental world of ideas, takes a different standpoint from that of the Enlightenment. In Kantian philosophy the pure forms of reason and pure laws of will are enthroned with the result that the task of education is not to develop natural endowments but to discipline them through education and lead them into the transcendental world. Man, a personality provided with reason and autonomous will, is an existence which stands on a completely different level from that on which other animals crawl, and it is incumbent on man to realize this dignity of his personality. On the other hand, however, Kant is strongly influenced by Rousseau as far as his view of education is concerned, and his belief in the goodness of human natnre forms the keynote of his view of education. Moreover, his concept of human liberty and equality are to be clearly traced back to Rousseau. The present writer tries to consider Kant's view of education as the consequence of his philosophy and at the same time in reference to Rousseau.