Abstract
We summarize the scientific cases and beamline technology for utilizing X-ray Free-Electron Lasers
(XFELs). The scientific targets are classified into two categories: observation with ultrahigh spatiotemporal
resolution and the creation of extreme states. As a representative of the former, the coherent
diffraction imaging (CDI) method reveals the structure of non-crystalline samples with a single-shot
exposure of the XFEL pulse. For the latter, nonlinear interactions between matter and short-wavelength
radiation have been investigated. Combining optical lasers and XFEL with a pump and probe technique
is a powerful tool for studying the ultrafast dynamics of materials. The state-of-the-art beamline
technologies developed at SACLA are also introduced.
