This paper discussed the overview and technical challenges for the next generation Internet, focusing on the transmission and switching technologies. The next generation Internet provides the broadband and always connected environment with the end-to-end architecture, while the full digital media information has been freely delivered among the digital equipments. With the R&D on the long distance and high bandwidth optical technology, the Internet will mutate from the network centric to the iDC and IX centric. The optical technology will contribute significant role to the the furture development and mutation of the Internet.
