Synthesis and Properties of Fe₃O₄/Polyaniline Nanomaterial and Its Ability of Removing Arsenic in Wastewater

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The synthesis of Fe₃O₄/polyaniline (Fe₃O₄/PANI) nanomaterials by a chemical method is presented in this paper. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the lattice constant a = 8.376 A⁰ and the particle size of is about 14.5 nm for all samples, since polymer cannot influence the crystal structure of Fe₃O₄. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the Fe₃O₄ grain sizes vary from 13 nm to 20 nm. The results of Raman spectral analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis reveal that the PANI partly forms in the Fe₃O₄/PANI nanomaterials samples. Thus, the grain size of Fe₃O₄/PANI nanomaterials is about of 25–30 nm, which has been confirmed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The saturated magnetic moment of Fe₃O₄/PANI samples is decreased from 66 emu/g to 39.7 emu/g with PANI content varying from 5% to 15%. However, Fe₃O₄/PANI nanomaterials are stable on chemical-physical properties and lead to improve an arsenic adsorption ability. In addition, Fe₃O₄/PANI sample with PANI 5% content has the highest arsenic adsorption ability in pH 7. In strong acidic or basic media, the arsenic adsorption of magnetic nanoparticles is insignificant. The results suggest the desorb can be conducted at pH 14 then the materials could reabsorb in further trials.

Fig. 8 Determination of balance time of arsenic absorption. Inset: Remained arsenic content depended on the pH.