Advanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques enable us to evaluate various anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic status of abdominal organs. However, it is sometimes difficult to elicit thoroughly useful information in managing patients. In this paper, status about CT and MRI techniques in the upper abdomen is described. Then, engineering approaches, including computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) techniques, which are potentially useful in solving the problems are discussed.