Value of T1 Mapping in the Non-invasive Assessment of Renal Pathologic Injury for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate renal function and pathologic injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD) using T1 mapping.

Methods: We recruited fifteen healthy volunteers (HV) and seventy-five CKD patients to undergo T1 mapping examination, and renal parenchymal T1 values were measured. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relevance between the pathologic injury score, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and renal parenchymal T1 values. The diagnostic efficiency of T1 value in evaluating renal pathologic impairment was assessed.

Results: In all subjects, renal cortical T1 value was remarkably lower than renal medullary T1 value (P < 0.01). The renal medullary T1 value of HV was considerably lower than that of CKD patients in all stages (P < 0.05). The T1 values were negatively correlated with eGFR (cortex, r = –0.718; medulla, r = –0.645). The T1 values were positively correlated with glomerular injury score (cortex, r = 0.692; medulla, r = 0.632), tubulointerstitial injury score (cortex, r = 0.758; medulla, r = 0.690) (all P < 0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) of renal cortical and medullary T1 values were 0.914 and 0.880 to distinguish moderate–severe from mild renal injury groups. To differentiate mild renal injury group from control group, the AUC values of renal cortical and medullary T1 values were 0.879 and 0.856.

Conclusion: T1 mapping has potential application value in non-invasively assessing renal pathologic injury in CKD.