薬剤効果延長にかんする研究

Polyvinylpyrrolidone使用による動物実験, 臨床実験およびその機序について

抄録

A 2.5-3.5% solution of PVP is a plasma expander while its 20-30% solution is said to prolong the effect of medicinals.
In animal and clinical experiments, 20-25% PVP solution was administered, alone or mixed with various pharmaceutics, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection. It was thereby learned that PVP possessed the action of prolonging the effect of pharmaceutics and some experiments were carried out to find the action mechanism of PVP in prolonging the effect. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) When PVP was administered as a mixture with insuline, penicillin, or hexamethonium chloride (subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection), prolongation of pharmaceutical effect was clearly observed but when PVP and the same pharmaceutics were administered separately (PVP by intravenous injection, ph rmaceutics by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection), prolongation of the effect was not so distinct.
(2) When ¹³¹I was dissolved in PVP and injected into the peritonium or into the muscles of a guinea pig, ¹³¹I was found to collect in the thyroid gland twice as much as when ¹³¹I was injected alone. This result suggests the use of such a method for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Detailed result of this experiment will be reported in a forthcoming paper.
(3) Effect of PVP on kidney functions was examined. Since the intravenous administration of PVP effects decreases both clearance and G. F. R., it is considered that PVP becomes a vehicle for pharmaceutics in the blood and thereby causes the prolongation effect.
(4) Radioactivity at the site of injection of a mixture of ¹³¹I and PVP and that of ¹³¹I alone were measured and it was found that there was more radioactivity at the site of the injection of a mixture. This seems to suggest that PVP retards (suppresses) the absorption of pharmaceutics at the site of injection.