On the Phenomenological Elucidation of Teaching and Learning in the Classroom

Abstract

At the beginning this treatise presents three ways of comprehending human being, founding on Buber's insights. The first is observation in which one fixes the behavior of the observed in one's mind and writes up as many traits as possible. The second is looking on, in which one tries to see the object freely and awaits what will be presented to him without any expectation. The third is "becoming aware" ("Innewerden") in which a voiceless word is talked to me and "I accept that." These differences in comprehending human being take more concrete shape in Kimura's phenomenological psychopathology and Binswanger's. According to Kimura, an essence of schizophrenia cannot be elucidated by the determinate predicate that discovers and describes the attributes of the objects, but by the modifying predicate that can be judged by a subjective impression or "emotional diagnosis"("Gefuhlsdiagnose"). In case of studying classroom teaching, its elucidation also needs to depend upon not only the description which is based on observing the experience of teachers and children, but also needs to depend upon becoming aware (Innewerden) and the modifying predicate. This elucidation is realized through my own experience and Takeda's documents of classes. Consequently it is made clear, that the mutual awareness among children plays an important role in classroom teaching.