"The Need of the Levels of the Educational Objectives and the Learning Activity in Teaching-Learning Process" : In Reference to the Concept of Educational Content and Teaching Material

Abstract

It is said that we should consider four levels of teaching-learning process when we make a teaching plan. They are educational content, teaching material, teachers' behavior and condition of learners. In this case the educational content means concept, rule and generalization to be taught. And the teaching material is the means to teach the content with. Recently some researchers proposed that the educational content should be considered to be not only the concept to be taught but the knowledge learned by the student. They say that such knowledge and concept exist in our brain and work for us to make inference, think, solve problems and so on. I propose to make a distinction between the educational objectives and the educational content instead of the modification of the concept of the educational content. The reason is as follows; Teachers prepare many kinds of teaching materials to teach a concept. It is impossible to explain the fact without the concept of educational objective. Teachers use many kinds of teaching materials because they want to get different kinds of objectives -not only knowledge but comprehension, application, and so on. And also teachers actually try to get many kinds of general and content-independent objectives as well as the objectives connected to the educational content. I also discussed on the level of learners. There are two issues to be discussed. One is that of cognitive process of students. Another is that of students' learning activity when they learn. My second proposition is to add the level of the students' leaning activity as well as that of the educational objective to the four levels of teaching-learning process. The reason is that students learn many things exactly through their own learning activity.