Inclusion and Exclusion in the Cities and the Collective Housings

The Gated Community and the Despatial Democracy

Abstract

  The gated communities risen in U.S.A. and similar excessively secured collective housings in Japan would inevitably cause the exclusion from outer communities, leaving them as “the closed space”, which have harshly been criticized.
  However, I wish to maintain their private government basing on the direct democracy with participatory and deliberation modes will certainly breed the excellent commonality among all the people there, which will easily be extended and elevated to the public. The commonality based on the democracy, thus, will go beyond “the closed space” to the city/town level, furthering even to the national level, which is the subject of my paper “the despatial democracy”.