長野盆地松川扇状地における土地利用と農業経営

抄録

In this paper, the auther intend to analyze the development of land utilization and farming of the Matsukawa Alluvial Fan, Nagno Basin where was orchardized very rapidly after the Second World War. In order to discuss these subjects, the fan was divided into three parts; the apex, middle, and base of the fan.
The results of this study are summarized as follows.
1) Predominant crops on the Matsukawa Alluvial Fan are deciduous tree fruits such as apples, peaches and so on. This extensive cultivated land on the fan is an intensive full-time fruit farming area where the farmers coming from the settlements outside of the fan cultivate along with inside farmenrs. Apples, which is the main crop of the fruits growing, are cultivated very widely under favored physical condition of this area. Grapes, its production was increased very rapidly in recent years, are cultivated mainly in the middle of the fan because of restrictions of physical condition such as micro-topography and micro-climate. Principal land utilization at the apex of the fan is apple orchards; however, there are some ordinary upland field which are cultivating some kind of vegetables.
2) Befor the Second World War, the first change of land utilization on the Matsukawa Aluuvial Fan was transtion from ordinary upland fields to mulberry fields with the development of sericulture since the 1890s on the middle and baseof the fan. Thereafter, mulberry fields gradually shifted to apple orchards which made verygood profits since the economic crisis of the 1930s. Furthermore, until 1960, growing applesrapidly increased after the Second World War. But during the 1960s, the production of apples stagnated because the farmer started the multimanagment of fruit growing caused by the introduction of cultivating apricots, peaches, and “Kyoho” grapes. However, production of apples increased again because cultivation usingdwarfized apple trees became very popular since aroud 1976.
3) Typical farming on the Matsukawa Alluvial Fan is multiple orchard management which growp rincipally apples and complimentally grapes, peaches, and cherries. Generally, following three types of farming cau be recognized between settlement; a monoculture of apples, apples and grapes, and apples and peaches. Moreover, some farm housholds in the settlements on the middle of the fan are growing cherries complimentally and some others on the apex are multimanagement of apples and vegetables.