戦乱ショック，貧困，土壌劣化

ブルキナ・ファソの農家家計データを用いた実証

抄録

This paper, taking covariate shocks induced by the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire in West Africa as an example, investigates their impact on soil degradation in rural Burkina Faso, a neighboring country. Burkina Faso is located in the semi-arid zone on the southern edge of the Sahara desert, and frequent drought due to erratic rainfall keeps its agricultural productivity low and unstable. As a result, its rural population relies on external migration as well as remittance from relatives living outside the country.
The war has caused two significant shocks in rural Burkina Faso: an increase in household size due to returnees from Côte d'Ivoire and a decrease in remittance received from Côte d'Ivoire. Hence transitory poverty took place among farm households. Regression analyses show that both of the shocks have incurred the expansion of cropping area and that the in-crease in household size reduces the use of chemical as well as organic fertilizer per hectare. Moreover there is a significant reduction in livestock holdings due to distressed sales, and the reduction in livestock value also induces an increase in cropping area and a decrease in the use of organic fertilizer per hectare. In sum, the shocks incurred by the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire have induced soil-fertility-depriving agriculture in rural Burkina Faso as households' coping strategies. Agro-ecological zone-wise analyses indicate that such a tendency is significant in the southern Sudanian zone and the southern Guinean zone relative to the other two zones. The policy implication is that interventions should focus on such zones to prevent the covariate shocks from becoming the onset of soil degradation and desertification.