The paper aims to identify the determinants of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield for small scale oil palm farmers based on interview surveys in three study areas in Riau Province, Indonesia. The results of the regression analysis concluded that inputs of fertilizer and labor, tree age, human capital and the scale of farm are major factors enhancing FFB yield. Human capital represented as farmers' education years plays an important role in achieving higher productivity in the case of independent farmers, who cannot access technical and financial support from plantation companies as is the case of plasma farmers participating in collaborative schemes with the companies.
