Regulation of Mast Cell Activation in Allergy

Abstract

Mast cells arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and finally differentiate within peripheral tissues. Mast cells reside in virtually all organs, among which they are distributed in a great number particularly in tissues at the interface between the internal and external environments, such as the skin and mucosal membranes of the airway and intestine, where they are in close contact with the external environment. This suggests that mast cells act as effectors in response to antigen (allergen) and that they also play an important role in immune systems including host defense. In this memorial lecture, I introduce our research regarding the molecular mechanisms of mast cell activation via the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) and its regulation of the many versatile roles of mast cells. I also discuss our efforts for developing drugs against novel molecular targets in allergic disorders.