The principle of a new ultra-high power X-ray diffraction method and its application are described. In this method, a large number of X-ray beams, arranged cylindrically or conically, incident upon a specimen make multiple diffraction beams or Debye-rings intersecting one another. Local intensities of the same kinds of diffracted X-ray beams or Debye-rings whose number are equal to those of incident beams, superposed into a point or a line, are, therefore, extremely strengthened. By this method, it is possible to make the effective intensity of the diffraction beam much higher, up to hundred times or more, than that in the ordinary Debye-Scherrer method or others and the exposure time needed to obtain a diffraction pattern can be substantially shortened as compared with other common methods.