Brillouin scattering in anisotropic crystals is reviewed. First is given the difference in the scattering angles between isotropic media and birefringent crystals. Second, the Brillouin scattering cross section is derived for hexagonal crystals with the crystal symmetry of 6mm, 6m2, 622, or 6/mmm. Scattering cross section in CdS is calculated for the scattering by the transverse acoustic waves propagating perpendicularly to the c axis with the particle displacement along the c axis, as an example. A generalized expression of the scattering cross section derived by Nelson, Lazay, and Lax is given with including the direct and indirect photoelastic effects and also including the rotational contribution. Finally, recent developments in the study of acoustoelectric effect by means of Brillouin scattering are summarized with main emphasis on CdS and ZnO.