抄録
This paper tries to show the relationship between the critical situation of "Nationalism and War"in the present world and the modern nation state formed in the name of Sovereignty with the people.
First, the modern nation state, as H.Arendt pointed out, could not have integrated all major or minor nations. For example, the "tribal nationalism" advocated by Naztism meant "the conquest of a state by (major) nation" and the separation of others from the political community. And the nation state still now remains the cause of nationalism and war.
Second, the modern philosophy has thought of the nation state in relation to civil society and showed the direction of "World History" for nations. In Kantism, it is the "Eternal Peace" regulating civil society by a nation state. In Hegelism, it is the "War" among nations as an extension of "war of everyone against everyone" in civil society. In Marxism, it is the formation of "Community absorbing nationstate by (civil) society". But until now these programs have not been realized except in Hegel's case.
Third, M.Maruyama who considered the problems of modern Japan, criticized the prewar Japanese nation and brought up "Democracy as eternal revolution" which means the transformation of the nation to civil society. But now, this project also faces some difficulties with the rise of political and ideological nationalism.
