2005 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 489-495
For comprehensive understanding of gene flow consisting of pollen flow and seed flow and the consequences, one of the promising approaches is the integration of ecological and genetic studies with a model plant species or related species group to disentangle complicated interactions of the ecological and genetic processes. We present a brief summary of research aiming to disentangle the factors affecting gene flow in wild populations of Japanese Primula species as a model of bumblebee-pollinated clonal herbs.